Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. |
Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: |
There the Buddha addressed the monks: |
“bhikkhavo”ti. |
“monks!” |
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. |
“Venerable sir,” they replied. |
Bhagavā etadavoca: |
The Buddha said this: |
“Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. |
“monks, be my heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things. |
Atthi me tumhesu anukampā: |
Out of compassion for you, I think: |
‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti. |
‘How can my disciples become heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things?’ |
Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha: |
If you become heirs in material things, not in the ☸Dharma, they’ll point to you, saying: |
‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti; |
‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in material things, not in the ☸Dharma.’ |
ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ: |
And they’ll point to me, saying: |
‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti. |
‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in material things, not in the ☸Dharma.’ |
Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha: |
If you become heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things, they’ll point to you, saying: |
‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti; |
‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things.’ |
ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ: |
And they’ll point to me, saying: |
‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti. |
‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things.’ |
Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. |
So, monks, be my heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things. |
Atthi me tumhesu anukampā: |
Out of compassion for you, I think: |
‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti. |
‘How can my disciples become heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things?’ |
Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṃ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; |
Suppose that I had eaten and refused more food, being full, and having had as much as I needed. |
siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. |
And there was some extra alms-food that was going to be thrown away. |
Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṃ jighacchādubbalyaparetā. |
Then two monks were to come who were weak with hunger. |
Tyāhaṃ evaṃ vadeyyaṃ: |
I’d say to them: |
‘ahaṃ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; |
‘monks, I have eaten and refused more food, being full, and having had as much as I need. |
atthi ca me ayaṃ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. |
And there is this extra alms-food that’s going to be thrown away. |
Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha, idānāhaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti. |
Eat it if you like. Otherwise I’ll throw it out where there is little that grows, or drop it into water that has no living creatures.’ |
Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa: |
Then one of those monks thought: |
‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; |
‘The Buddha has eaten and refused more food. |
atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. |
And he has some extra alms-food that’s going to be thrown away. |
Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati. |
If we don’t eat it he’ll throw it away. |
Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā: |
But the Buddha has also said: |
“dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā”ti. |
“Be my heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things.” |
Āmisaññataraṃ kho panetaṃ, yadidaṃ piṇḍapāto. |
And alms-food is a kind of material thing. |
Yannūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyyan’ti. |
Instead of eating this alms-food, why don’t I spend this day and night weak with hunger?’ |
So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. |
And that’s what they did. |
Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa: |
Then the second of those monks thought: |
‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; |
‘The Buddha has eaten and refused more food. |
atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. |
And he has some extra alms-food that’s going to be thrown away. |
Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati. |
If we don’t eat it he’ll throw it away. |
Yannūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyyan’ti. |
Why don’t I eat this alms-food, then spend the day and night having got rid of my hunger and weakness?’ |
So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. |
And that’s what they did. |
Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṃsataro ca. |
Even though that monk, after eating the alms-food, spent the day and night rid of hunger and weakness, it is the former monk who is more worthy of respect and praise. |
Taṃ kissa hetu? |
Why is that? |
Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati. |
Because for a long time that will conduce to that monk being of few wishes, content, self-effacing, easy to look after, and energetic. |
Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. |
So, monks, be my heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things. |
Atthi me tumhesu anukampā: |
Out of compassion for you, I think: |
‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’”ti. |
‘How can my disciples become heirs in the ☸Dharma, not in material things?’” |
Idamavoca bhagavā. |
That is what the Buddha said. |
Idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi. |
When he had spoken, the Holy One got up from his seat and entered his dwelling. |
Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi: |
Then soon after the Buddha left, Venerable Sāriputta said to the monks: |
“āvuso bhikkhave”ti. |
“Reverends, monks!” |
“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. |
“Reverend,” they replied. |
Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca: |
Sāriputta said this: |
“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī”ti? |
“Reverends, how do the disciples of a Teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion not train in judicious-seclusion? And how do they train in judicious-seclusion?” |
“Dūratopi kho mayaṃ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ. |
“Reverend, we would travel a long way to learn the meaning of this statement in the presence of Venerable Sāriputta. |
Sādhu vatāyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho; |
May Venerable Sāriputta himself please clarify the meaning of this. |
āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti. |
The monks will listen and remember it.” |
“Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti. |
“Well then, reverends, listen and pay close attention, I will speak.” |
“Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. |
“Yes, reverend,” they replied. |
Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca: |
Sāriputta said this: |
“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti? |
“Reverends, how do the disciples of a Teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion not train in judicious-seclusion? |
Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, |
The disciples of a teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion do not train in judicious-seclusion. |
yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti, |
They don’t give up what the Teacher tells them to give up. |
bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā. |
They’re indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting judicious-seclusion. |
Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. |
In this case, the senior monks should be criticized on three grounds. |
‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti— |
‘The disciples of a teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion do not train in judicious-seclusion.’ |
iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. |
This is the first ground. |
‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti— |
‘They don’t give up what the Teacher tells them to give up.’ |
iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. |
This is the second ground. |
‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti— |
‘They’re indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting judicious-seclusion.’ |
iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. |
This is the third ground. |
Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. |
The senior monks should be criticized on these three grounds. |
Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū … pe … |
In this case, the middle monks |
navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. |
and the junior monks should be criticized on the same three grounds. |
‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti— |
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iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. |
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‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti— |
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iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. |
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‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti— |
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iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. |
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Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. |
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Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti. |
This is how the disciples of a Teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion do not train in judicious-seclusion. |
Kittāvatā ca panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti? |
And how do the disciples of a teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion train in judicious-seclusion? |
Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti— |
The disciples of a teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion train in judicious-seclusion. |
yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti; |
They give up what the Teacher tells them to give up. |
na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā. |
They’re not indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting judicious-seclusion. |
Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
In this case, the senior monks should be praised on three grounds. |
‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti— |
‘The disciples of a teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion train in judicious-seclusion.’ |
iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
This is the first ground. |
‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti— |
‘They give up what the Teacher tells them to give up.’ |
iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
This is the second ground. |
‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti— |
‘They’re not indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting judicious-seclusion.’ |
iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
This is the third ground. |
Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
The senior monks should be praised on these three grounds. |
Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū … pe … |
In this case, the middle monks |
navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
and the junior monks should be praised on the same three grounds. |
‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti— |
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iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
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‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti— |
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iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
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‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti— |
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iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
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Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. |
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Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti. |
This is how the disciples of a Teacher who lives in judicious-seclusion train in judicious-seclusion. |
Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako. |
The bad thing here is greed and hate. |
Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. |
There is a middle way of practice for giving up greed and hate. It gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nirvana. |
Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? |
And what is that middle way? |
Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ— |
It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is: |
sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. |
right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right rememberfulness, and right undistractible-lucidity. |
Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. |
This is that middle way, which gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nirvana. |
Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako … pe … |
The bad thing here is anger and hostility. … |
makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako, |
offensiveness and contempt … |
issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṃ, |
envy and stinginess … |
māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṃ, |
deceit and deviousness … |
thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako, |
obstinacy and aggression … |
māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako, |
conceit and arrogance … |
mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako. |
vanity and negligence. |
Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. |
There is a middle way of practice for giving up vanity and negligence. It gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nirvana. |
Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? |
And what is that middle way? |
Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ— |
It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is: |
sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. |
right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right rememberfulness, and right undistractible-lucidity. |
Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī”ti. |
This is that middle way, which gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and nirvana.” |
Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. |
This is what Venerable Sāriputta said. |
Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. |
Satisfied, the monks were happy with what Sāriputta said. |