| (derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) | |
Aṅguttara Nikāya 8 |
Numbered Discourses 8 |
4. Dānavagga |
4. Giving |
31. Paṭhamadānasutta |
31. Giving (1st) |
“Aṭṭhimāni, bhikkhave, dānāni. |
“Mendicants, there are these eight gifts. |
Katamāni aṭṭha? |
What eight? |
Āsajja dānaṃ deti, |
A person might give a gift after insulting the recipient. |
bhayā dānaṃ deti, |
Or they give out of fear. |
‘adāsi me’ti dānaṃ deti, |
Or they give thinking, ‘They gave to me.’ |
‘dassati me’ti dānaṃ deti, |
Or they give thinking, ‘They’ll give to me.’ |
‘sāhu dānan’ti dānaṃ deti, |
Or they give thinking, ‘It’s good to give.’ |
‘ahaṃ pacāmi, ime na pacanti; nārahāmi pacanto apacantānaṃ dānaṃ adātun’ti dānaṃ deti, |
Or they give thinking, ‘I cook, they don’t. It wouldn’t be right for me to not give to them.’ |
‘imaṃ me dānaṃ dadato kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchatī’ti dānaṃ deti, |
Or they give thinking, ‘By giving this gift I’ll get a good reputation.’ |
cittālaṅkāracittaparikkhāratthaṃ dānaṃ deti. |
Or they give thinking, ‘This is an adornment and requisite for the mind.’ |
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha dānānī”ti. |
These are the eight gifts.” |
32. Dutiyadānasutta |
32. Giving (2nd) |
“Saddhā hiriyaṃ kusalañca dānaṃ, |
“Faith, conscience, and skillful giving |
Dhammā ete sappurisānuyātā; |
are qualities good people follow. |
Etañhi maggaṃ diviyaṃ vadanti, |
For this, they say, is the path of the gods, |
Etena hi gacchati devalokan”ti. |
which leads to the heavenly realm.” |
33. Dānavatthusutta |
33. Reasons to Give |
“Aṭṭhimāni, bhikkhave, dānavatthūni. |
“Mendicants, there are these eight grounds for giving. |
Katamāni aṭṭha? |
What eight? |
Chandā dānaṃ deti, dosā dānaṃ deti, mohā dānaṃ deti, bhayā dānaṃ deti, ‘dinnapubbaṃ katapubbaṃ pitupitāmahehi, nārahāmi porāṇaṃ kulavaṃsaṃ hāpetun’ti dānaṃ deti, ‘imāhaṃ dānaṃ datvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti dānaṃ deti, ‘imaṃ me dānaṃ dadato cittaṃ pasīdati, attamanatā somanassaṃ upajāyatī’ti dānaṃ deti, cittālaṅkāracittaparikkhāratthaṃ dānaṃ deti. |
A person might give a gift out of favoritism or hostility or stupidity or cowardice. Or they give thinking, ‘Giving was practiced by my father and my father’s father. It would not be right for me to abandon this family tradition.’ Or they give thinking, ‘After I’ve given this gift, when my body breaks up, after death, I’ll be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.’ Or they give thinking, ‘When giving this gift my mind becomes clear, and I become happy and joyful.’ Or they give a gift thinking, ‘This is an adornment and requisite for the mind.’ |
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha dānavatthūnī”ti. |
These are the eight grounds for giving.” |
34. Khettasutta |
34. A Field |
“Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgate, bhikkhave, khette bījaṃ vuttaṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahassādaṃ na phātiseyyaṃ. |
“Mendicants, when a field has eight factors a seed sown in it is not very fruitful or rewarding or productive. |
Kathaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgate? |
What eight factors does it have? |
Idha, bhikkhave, khettaṃ unnāmaninnāmi ca hoti, pāsāṇasakkharikañca hoti, ūsarañca hoti, na ca gambhīrasitaṃ hoti, na āyasampannaṃ hoti, na apāyasampannaṃ hoti, na mātikāsampannaṃ hoti, na mariyādasampannaṃ hoti. |
It’s when a field has mounds and ditches. It has stones and gravel. It’s salty. It doesn’t have deep furrows. And it’s not equipped with water inlets, water outlets, irrigation channels, and boundaries. |
Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgate, bhikkhave, khette bījaṃ vuttaṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahassādaṃ na phātiseyyaṃ. |
When a field has these eight factors a seed sown in it is not fruitful or rewarding or productive. |
Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu dānaṃ dinnaṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahānisaṃsaṃ na mahājutikaṃ na mahāvipphāraṃ. |
In the same way, when an ascetic or brahmin has eight factors a gift given to them is not very fruitful or beneficial or splendid or bountiful. |
Kathaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatesu? |
What eight factors do they have? |
Idha, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā micchādiṭṭhikā honti, micchāsaṅkappā, micchāvācā, micchākammantā, micchāājīvā, micchāvāyāmā, micchāsatino, micchāsamādhino. |
It’s when an ascetic or brahmin has wrong view, wrong thought, wrong speech, wrong action, wrong livelihood, wrong effort, wrong remembering, and wrong undistractible-lucidity. |
Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatesu, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇesu dānaṃ dinnaṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahānisaṃsaṃ na mahājutikaṃ na mahāvipphāraṃ. |
When an ascetic or brahmin has these eight factors a gift given to them is not very fruitful or beneficial or splendid or bountiful. |
Aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgate, bhikkhave, khette bījaṃ vuttaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahassādaṃ phātiseyyaṃ. |
When a field has eight factors a seed sown in it is very fruitful and rewarding and productive. |
Kathaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgate? |
What eight factors does it have? |
Idha, bhikkhave, khettaṃ anunnāmāninnāmi ca hoti, apāsāṇasakkharikañca hoti, anūsarañca hoti, gambhīrasitaṃ hoti, āyasampannaṃ hoti, apāyasampannaṃ hoti, mātikāsampannaṃ hoti, mariyādasampannaṃ hoti. |
It’s when a field doesn’t have mounds and ditches. It doesn’t have stones and gravel. It’s not salty. It has deep furrows. And it’s equipped with water inlets, water outlets, irrigation channels, and boundaries. |
Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgate, bhikkhave, khette bījaṃ vuttaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahassādaṃ phātiseyyaṃ. |
When a field has these eight factors a seed sown in it is very fruitful and rewarding and productive. |
Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu dānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ mahājutikaṃ mahāvipphāraṃ. |
In the same way, when an ascetic or brahmin has eight factors a gift given to them is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful. |
Kathaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatesu? |
What eight factors do they have? |
Idha, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammādiṭṭhikā honti, sammāsaṅkappā, sammāvācā, sammākammantā, sammāājīvā, sammāvāyāmā, sammāsatino, sammāsamādhino. |
It’s when an ascetic or brahmin has right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right remembering, and right undistractible-lucidity. |
Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatesu, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇesu dānaṃ dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ mahājutikaṃ mahāvipphāranti. |
When an ascetic or brahmin has these eight factors a gift given to them is very fruitful and beneficial and splendid and bountiful. |
Yathāpi khette sampanne, |
When the field is excellent, |
pavuttā bījasampadā; |
and the seed sown in it is excellent, |
Deve sampādayantamhi, |
and the rainfall is excellent, |
hoti dhaññassa sampadā. |
the crop of grain will be excellent. |
Anītisampadā hoti, |
Its health is excellent, |
virūḷhī bhavati sampadā; |
its growth is excellent, |
Vepullasampadā hoti, |
its maturation is excellent, |
phalaṃ ve hoti sampadā. |
and its fruit is excellent. |
Evaṃ sampannasīlesu, |
So too, when you give excellent food |
dinnā bhojanasampadā; |
to those of excellent ethics, |
Sampadānaṃ upaneti, |
it leads to many excellences, |
sampannaṃ hissa taṃ kataṃ. |
for what you did was excellent. |
Tasmā sampadamākaṅkhī, |
So if a person wants excellence, |
sampannatthūdha puggalo; |
let them excel in this. |
Sampannapaññe sevetha, |
You should frequent those with excellent wisdom, |
evaṃ ijjhanti sampadā. |
so that your own excellence will flourish. |
Vijjācaraṇasampanne, |
Excelling in knowledge and conduct, |
laddhā cittassa sampadaṃ; |
and having excellence of mind, |
Karoti kammasampadaṃ, |
you perform excellent deeds, |
labhati catthasampadaṃ. |
and gain excellent benefits. |
Lokaṃ ñatvā yathābhūtaṃ, |
Truly knowing the world, |
pappuyya diṭṭhisampadaṃ; |
and having attained excellence of view, |
Maggasampadamāgamma, |
one who excels in mind proceeds, |
yāti sampannamānaso. |
relying on excellence in the path. |
Odhunitvā malaṃ sabbaṃ, |
Shaking off all stains, |
patvā nibbānasampadaṃ; |
and attaining the excellence of nirvana, |
Muccati sabbadukkhehi, |
you’re freed from all sufferings: |
sā hoti sabbasampadā”ti. |
this is complete excellence.” |
35. Dānūpapattisutta |
35. Rebirth by Giving |
“Aṭṭhimā, bhikkhave, dānūpapattiyo. |
“Mendicants, there are these eight rebirths by giving. |
Katamā aṭṭha? |
What eight? |
Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. |
First, someone gives to ascetics or brahmins such things as food, drink, clothing, vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; and bed, house, and lighting. |
So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati. |
Whatever they give, they expect something back. |
So passati khattiyamahāsāle vā brāhmaṇamahāsāle vā gahapatimahāsāle vā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappite samaṅgībhūte paricārayamāne. |
They see a well-to-do aristocrat or brahmin or householder amusing themselves, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation. |
Tassa evaṃ hoti: |
It occurs to them: |
‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti. |
‘If only, when my body breaks up, after death, I would be reborn in the company of well-to-do aristocrats or brahmins or householders!’ |
So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. |
They settle on that idea, stabilize it and develop it. |
Tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ, uttari abhāvitaṃ, tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. |
As they’ve settled for less and not developed further, their idea leads to rebirth there. |
Kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ vā sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of well-to-do aristocrats or brahmins or householders. |
Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi, no dussīlassa. |
But I say that this is only for those of ethical conduct, not for the unethical. |
Ijjhati, bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā. (1) |
The heart’s wish of an ethical person succeeds because of their purity. |
Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. |
Next, someone gives to ascetics or brahmins … |
So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati. |
Whatever they give, they expect something back. |
Tassa sutaṃ hoti: |
And they’ve heard: |
‘cātumahārājikā devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā’ti. |
‘The Gods of the Four Great Kings are long-lived, beautiful, and very happy.’ |
Tassa evaṃ hoti: |
It occurs to them: |
‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti. |
‘If only, when my body breaks up, after death, I would be reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings!’ … |
So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. |
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Tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ, uttari abhāvitaṃ, tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. |
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Kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings. |
Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi, no dussīlassa. |
But I say that this is only for those of ethical conduct, not for the unethical. |
Ijjhati, bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā. (2) |
The heart’s wish of an ethical person succeeds because of their purity. |
Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. |
Next, someone gives to ascetics or brahmins … |
So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati. |
Whatever they give, they expect something back. |
Tassa sutaṃ hoti— |
And they’ve heard: |
tāvatiṃsā devā … pe … |
‘The Gods of the Thirty-Three …’ |
yāmā devā … |
‘The Gods of Yama …’ |
tusitā devā … |
‘The Joyful Gods …’ |
nimmānaratī devā … |
‘The Gods Who love to Create …’ |
paranimmitavasavattī devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulāti. |
‘The Gods Who Control the Creations of Others are long-lived, beautiful, and very happy.’ |
Tassa evaṃ hoti: |
It occurs to them: |
‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti. |
‘If only, when my body breaks up, after death, I would be reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others!’ |
So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. |
They settle on that idea, stabilize it and develop it. |
Tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ, uttari abhāvitaṃ, tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. |
As they’ve settled for less and not developed further, their idea leads to rebirth there. |
Kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others. |
Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi, no dussīlassa. |
But I say that this is only for those of ethical conduct, not for the unethical. |
Ijjhati, bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā. (3–7.) |
The heart’s wish of an ethical person succeeds because of their purity. |
Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco dānaṃ deti samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. |
Next, someone gives to ascetics or brahmins such things as food, drink, clothing, vehicles; garlands, fragrance, and makeup; and bed, house, and lighting. |
So yaṃ deti taṃ paccāsīsati. |
Whatever they give, they expect something back. |
Tassa sutaṃ hoti: |
And they’ve heard: |
‘brahmakāyikā devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā’ti. |
‘The Gods of Brahmā’s Group are long-lived, beautiful, and very happy.’ |
Tassa evaṃ hoti: |
It occurs to them: |
‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti. |
‘If only, when my body breaks up, after death, I would be reborn in the company of the Gods of Brahmā’s Group!’ |
So taṃ cittaṃ dahati, taṃ cittaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, taṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. |
They settle on that idea, stabilize it and develop it. |
Tassa taṃ cittaṃ hīne vimuttaṃ, uttari abhāvitaṃ, tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. |
As they’ve settled for less and not developed further, their idea leads to rebirth there. |
Kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Gods of Brahmā’s Group. |
Tañca kho sīlavato vadāmi, no dussīlassa; |
But I say that this is only for those of ethical conduct, not for the unethical. |
vītarāgassa, no sarāgassa. |
And for those free of desire, not those with desire. |
Ijjhati, bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi vītarāgattā. |
The heart’s wish of an ethical person succeeds because of their freedom from desire. |
Imā kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha dānūpapattiyo”ti. (8) |
These are the eight rebirths by giving.” |
36. Puññakiriyavatthusutta |
36. Grounds for Making Merit |
“Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, puññakiriyavatthūni. |
“Mendicants, there are these three grounds for making merit. |
Katamāni tīṇi? |
What three? |
Dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu. |
Giving, ethical conduct, and meditation are all grounds for making merit. |
Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu parittaṃ kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu parittaṃ kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
First, someone has practiced a little giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manussadobhagyaṃ upapajjati. (1) |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn among disadvantaged humans. |
Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu mattaso kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu mattaso kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
Next, someone has practiced a moderate amount of giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manussasobhagyaṃ upapajjati. (2) |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn among well-off humans. |
Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
Next, someone has practiced a lot of giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Gods of the Four Great Kings. |
Tatra, bhikkhave, cattāro mahārājāno dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, cātumahārājike deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti— |
There, the Four Great Kings themselves have practiced giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit to a greater degree than the other gods. So they surpass them in ten respects: |
dibbena āyunā, dibbena vaṇṇena, dibbena sukhena, dibbena yasena, dibbena ādhipateyyena, dibbehi rūpehi, dibbehi saddehi, dibbehi gandhehi, dibbehi rasehi, dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. (3) |
divine life span, beauty, happiness, glory, sovereignty, sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. |
Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
Next, someone has practiced a lot of giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Gods of the Thirty Three. |
Tatra, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā tāvatiṃse deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti— |
There, Sakka, lord of gods, has practiced giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit to a greater degree than the other gods. So he surpasses them in ten respects … |
dibbena āyunā … pe … |
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dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. (4) |
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Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
Next, someone has practiced a lot of giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā yāmānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of Yama Gods. |
Tatra, bhikkhave, suyāmo devaputto dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, yāme deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti— |
There, the deity Yama has practiced giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit to a greater degree than the other gods. So he surpasses them in ten respects … |
dibbena āyunā … pe … |
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dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. (5) |
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Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
Next, someone has practiced a lot of giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tusitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Joyful Gods. |
Tatra, bhikkhave, santusito devaputto dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, tusite deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti— |
There, the deity Santusita has practiced giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit to a greater degree than the other gods. So he surpasses them in ten respects … |
dibbena āyunā … pe … |
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dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. (6) |
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Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
Next, someone has practiced a lot of giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Gods Who love to Create. |
Tatra, bhikkhave, sunimmito devaputto dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, nimmānaratīdeve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti— |
There, the deity Sunimmita has practiced giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit to a greater degree than the other gods. So he surpasses them in ten respects … |
dibbena āyunā … pe … |
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dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. (7) |
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Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekaccassa dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu adhimattaṃ kataṃ hoti, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ nābhisambhoti. |
Next, someone has practiced a lot of giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit, but they haven’t got as far as meditation as a ground for making merit. |
So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in the company of the Gods Who Control the Creations of Others. |
Tatra, bhikkhave, vasavattī devaputto dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthuṃ atirekaṃ karitvā, paranimmitavasavattīdeve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti— |
There, the deity Vasavattī has practiced giving and ethical conduct as grounds for making merit to a greater degree than the other gods. So he surpasses them in ten respects: |
dibbena āyunā, dibbena vaṇṇena, dibbena sukhena, dibbena yasena, dibbena ādhipateyyena, dibbehi rūpehi, dibbehi saddehi, dibbehi gandhehi, dibbehi rasehi, dibbehi phoṭṭhabbehi. |
divine life span, beauty, happiness, glory, sovereignty, sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. |
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi puññakiriyavatthūnī”ti. (8) |
These are the three grounds for making merit.” |
37. Sappurisadānasutta |
37. Gifts of a Good Person |
“Aṭṭhimāni, bhikkhave, sappurisadānāni. |
“Mendicants, there are these eight gifts of a good person. |
Katamāni aṭṭha? |
What eight? |
Suciṃ deti, paṇītaṃ deti, kālena deti, kappiyaṃ deti, viceyya deti, abhiṇhaṃ deti, dadaṃ cittaṃ pasādeti, datvā attamano hoti. |
Their gift is pure, good quality, timely, appropriate, intelligent, and regular. While giving their heart is confident, and afterwards they’re uplifted. |
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha sappurisadānānīti. |
These are the eight gifts of a good person. |
Suciṃ paṇītaṃ kālena, |
He gives pure, good quality, and timely gifts |
kappiyaṃ pānabhojanaṃ; |
of appropriate food and drinks |
Abhiṇhaṃ dadāti dānaṃ, |
regularly to spiritual practitioners |
sukhettesu brahmacārisu. |
who are fertile fields of merit. |
Neva vippaṭisārissa, |
They never regret |
cajitvā āmisaṃ bahuṃ; |
giving away many material things. |
Evaṃ dinnāni dānāni, |
Discerning people praise |
vaṇṇayanti vipassino. |
giving such gifts. |
Evaṃ yajitvā medhāvī, |
An intelligent person sacrifices like this, |
saddho muttena cetasā; |
faithful, with a mind of letting go. |
Abyābajjhaṃ sukhaṃ lokaṃ, |
Such an astute person is reborn |
paṇḍito upapajjatī”ti. |
in a happy, pleasing world.” |
38. Sappurisasutta |
38. A Good Person |
“Sappuriso, bhikkhave, kule jāyamāno bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti— |
“Mendicants, a good person is born in a family for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of the people. |
mātāpitūnaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, puttadārassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, dāsakammakaraporisassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, mittāmaccānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, pubbapetānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, rañño atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, devatānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti. |
For the benefit, welfare, and happiness of mother and father; children and partners; bondservants, workers, and staff; friends and colleagues; departed ancestors; the king; the deities; and ascetics and brahmins. |
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāmegho sabbasassāni sampādento bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti; |
It’s like a great rain cloud, which nourishes all the crops for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of the people. |
evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sappuriso kule jāyamāno bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti— |
In the same way, a good person is born in a family for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of the people. … |
mātāpitūnaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, puttadārassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, dāsakammakaraporisassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, mittāmaccānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, pubbapetānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, rañño atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, devatānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hoti, samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ atthāya hitāya sukhāya hotīti. |
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Bahūnaṃ vata atthāya, |
A wise person living at home |
sappañño gharamāvasaṃ; |
benefits many people. |
Mātaraṃ pitaraṃ pubbe, |
Neither by day or at night do they neglect |
rattindivamatandito. |
their mother, father, and ancestors. |
Pūjeti sahadhammena, |
They venerate them in accord with the teaching, |
pubbekatamanussaraṃ; |
remembering what they have done. |
Anāgāre pabbajite, |
One of settled faith and good nature |
apace brahmacārayo. |
venerates the homeless renunciates, |
Niviṭṭhasaddho pūjeti, |
the mendicant spiritual practitioners, |
ñatvā dhamme ca pesalo; |
knowing their good-hearted qualities. |
Rañño hito devahito, |
Good for the king, good for the gods, |
ñātīnaṃ sakhinaṃ hito. |
and good for relatives and friends. |
Sabbesaṃ so hito hoti, |
In fact, they’re good for everyone, |
saddhamme suppatiṭṭhito; |
well grounded in the true teaching. |
Vineyya maccheramalaṃ, |
Rid of the stain of stinginess, |
sa lokaṃ bhajate sivan”ti. |
they’ll enjoy a world of pleasure.” |
39. Abhisandasutta |
39. Overflowing Merit |
“Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. |
“Mendicants, there are these eight kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness. |
Katame aṭṭha? |
What eight? |
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti. |
Firstly, a noble disciple has gone for refuge to the Buddha. |
Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. (1) |
This is the first kind of overflowing merit … |
Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti. |
Furthermore, a noble disciple has gone for refuge to the teaching. |
Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo puññābhisando … pe … saṃvattati. (2) |
This is the second kind of overflowing merit … |
Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti. |
Furthermore, a noble disciple has gone for refuge to the Saṅgha. |
Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. (3) |
This is the third kind of overflowing merit … |
Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, dānāni mahādānāni aggaññāni rattaññāni vaṃsaññāni porāṇāni asaṃkiṇṇāni asaṃkiṇṇapubbāni, na saṃkiyanti na saṅkiyissanti, appaṭikuṭṭhāni samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. |
Mendicants, these five gifts are great, original, long-standing, traditional, and ancient. They are uncorrupted, as they have been since the beginning. They’re not being corrupted now nor will they be. Sensible ascetics and brahmins don’t look down on them. |
Katamāni pañca? |
What five? |
Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti. |
Firstly, a noble disciple gives up killing living creatures. |
Pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ abhayaṃ deti, averaṃ deti, abyābajjhaṃ deti. |
By so doing they give to countless sentient beings the gift of freedom from fear, enmity, and ill will. |
Aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ abhayaṃ datvā averaṃ datvā abyābajjhaṃ datvā aparimāṇassa abhayassa averassa abyābajjhassa bhāgī hoti. |
And they themselves also enjoy unlimited freedom from fear, enmity, and ill will. |
Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ dānaṃ mahādānaṃ aggaññaṃ rattaññaṃ vaṃsaññaṃ porāṇaṃ asaṃkiṇṇaṃ asaṃkiṇṇapubbaṃ, na saṃkiyati na saṅkiyissati, appaṭikuṭṭhaṃ samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. |
This is the first gift that is a great offering, original, long-standing, traditional, and ancient. It is uncorrupted, as it has been since the beginning. It’s not being corrupted now nor will it be. Sensible ascetics and brahmins don’t look down on it. |
Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. (4) |
This is the fourth kind of overflowing merit … |
Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti … pe … |
Furthermore, a noble disciple gives up stealing. … |
kāmesumicchācāraṃ pahāya kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti … pe … |
Furthermore, a noble disciple gives up sexual misconduct. … |
Furthermore, a noble disciple gives up lying. … |
This is the sixth kind of overflowing merit … |
This is the seventh kind of overflowing merit … |
musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti … pe … |
surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. |
Furthermore, a noble disciple gives up alcoholic drinks that cause negligence. |
Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ abhayaṃ deti averaṃ deti abyābajjhaṃ deti. |
By so doing they give to countless sentient beings the gift of freedom from fear, enmity, and ill will. |
Aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ abhayaṃ datvā averaṃ datvā abyābajjhaṃ datvā, aparimāṇassa abhayassa averassa abyābajjhassa bhāgī hoti. |
And they themselves also enjoy unlimited freedom from fear, enmity, and ill will. |
Idaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamaṃ dānaṃ mahādānaṃ aggaññaṃ rattaññaṃ vaṃsaññaṃ porāṇaṃ asaṅkiṇṇaṃ asaṅkiṇṇapubbaṃ, na saṅkiyati na saṅkiyissati, appaṭikuṭṭhaṃ samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. |
This is the fifth gift that is a great offering, original, long-standing, traditional, and ancient. It is uncorrupted, as it has been since the beginning. It’s not being corrupted now nor will it be. Sensible ascetics and brahmins don’t look down on it. |
Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro sovaggiko sukhavipāko saggasaṃvattaniko, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati. (5–8.) |
This is the eighth kind of overflowing merit … |
Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā sovaggikā sukhavipākā saggasaṃvattanikā, iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantī”ti. |
These are the eight kinds of overflowing merit, overflowing goodness. They nurture happiness and are conducive to heaven, ripening in happiness and leading to heaven. They lead to what is likable, desirable, agreeable, to welfare and happiness.” |
40. Duccaritavipākasutta |
40. The Results of Misconduct |
“Pāṇātipāto, bhikkhave, āsevito bhāvito bahulīkato nirayasaṃvattaniko tiracchānayonisaṃvattaniko pettivisayasaṃvattaniko. |
“Mendicants, the killing of living creatures, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso pāṇātipātassa vipāko, manussabhūtassa appāyukasaṃvattaniko hoti. (1) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is a short life span. |
Adinnādānaṃ, bhikkhave, āsevitaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ nirayasaṃvattanikaṃ tiracchānayonisaṃvattanikaṃ pettivisayasaṃvattanikaṃ. |
Stealing, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso adinnādānassa vipāko, manussabhūtassa bhogabyasanasaṃvattaniko hoti. (2) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is loss of wealth. |
Kāmesumicchācāro, bhikkhave, āsevito bhāvito bahulīkato nirayasaṃvattaniko tiracchānayonisaṃvattaniko pettivisayasaṃvattaniko. |
Sexual misconduct, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso kāmesumicchācārassa vipāko, manussabhūtassa sapattaverasaṃvattaniko hoti. (3) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is rivalry and enmity. |
Musāvādo, bhikkhave, āsevito bhāvito bahulīkato nirayasaṃvattaniko tiracchānayonisaṃvattaniko pettivisayasaṃvattaniko. |
Lying, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso musāvādassa vipāko, manussabhūtassa abhūtabbhakkhānasaṃvattaniko hoti. (4) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is false accusations. |
Pisuṇā, bhikkhave, vācā āsevitā bhāvitā bahulīkatā nirayasaṃvattanikā tiracchānayonisaṃvattanikā pettivisayasaṃvattanikā. |
Divisive speech, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso pisuṇāya vācāya vipāko, manussabhūtassa mittehi bhedanasaṃvattaniko hoti. (5) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is being divided against friends. |
Pharusā, bhikkhave, vācā āsevitā bhāvitā bahulīkatā nirayasaṃvattanikā tiracchānayonisaṃvattanikā pettivisayasaṃvattanikā. |
Harsh speech, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso pharusāya vācāya vipāko, manussabhūtassa amanāpasaddasaṃvattaniko hoti. (6) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is hearing disagreeable things. |
Samphappalāpo, bhikkhave, āsevito bhāvito bahulīkato nirayasaṃvattaniko tiracchānayonisaṃvattaniko pettivisayasaṃvattaniko. |
Talking nonsense, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso samphappalāpassa vipāko, manussabhūtassa anādeyyavācāsaṃvattaniko hoti. (7) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is that no-one takes what you say seriously. |
Surāmerayapānaṃ, bhikkhave, āsevitaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ nirayasaṃvattanikaṃ tiracchānayonisaṃvattanikaṃ pettivisayasaṃvattanikaṃ. |
Taking alcoholic drinks that cause negligence, when cultivated, developed, and practiced, leads to hell, the animal realm, or the ghost realm. |
Yo sabbalahuso surāmerayapānassa vipāko, manussabhūtassa ummattakasaṃvattaniko hotī”ti. (8) |
The minimum result it leads to for a human being is madness.” |