Synopsis |
(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) | |
Aṅguttara Nikāya 3 |
Numbered Discourses 3 |
1. Bālavagga |
1. Fools |
1. Bhayasutta |
1. Perils |
Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. |
Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: |
There the Buddha addressed the monks: |
“bhikkhavo”ti. |
“monks!” |
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. |
“Venerable sir,” they replied. |
Bhagavā etadavoca: |
The Buddha said this: |
“Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. |
“Whatever dangers there are, all come from the foolish, not from the astute. |
Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. |
Whatever perils there are, all come from the foolish, not from the astute. |
Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. |
Whatever hazards there are, all come from the foolish, not from the astute. |
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, naḷāgārā vā tiṇāgārā vā aggi mutto kūṭāgārānipi ḍahati ullittāvalittāni nivātāni phusitaggaḷāni pihitavātapānāni; |
It’s like a fire that spreads from a hut made of reeds or grass, and burns down even a bungalow, plastered inside and out, draft-free, with latches fastened and windows shuttered. |
evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici bhayāni uppajjanti sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. |
In the same way, whatever dangers there are, all come from the foolish, not from the astute. |
Ye keci upaddavā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. |
Whatever perils there are, all come from the foolish, not from the astute. |
Ye keci upasaggā uppajjanti sabbe te bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato. |
Whatever hazards there are, all come from the foolish, not from the astute. |
Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaṭibhayo bālo, appaṭibhayo paṇḍito. |
So, the fool is dangerous, but the astute person is safe. |
Saupaddavo bālo, anupaddavo paṇḍito. |
The fool is perilous, but the astute person is not. |
Saupasaggo bālo, anupasaggo paṇḍito. |
The fool is hazardous, but the astute person is not. |
Natthi, bhikkhave, paṇḍitato bhayaṃ, natthi paṇḍitato upaddavo, natthi paṇḍitato upasaggo. |
There’s no danger, peril, or hazard that comes from the astute. |
Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ: |
So you should train like this: |
‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. |
‘We will reject the three things by which a fool is known, and we will undertake and follow the three things by which an astute person is known.’ |
Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti. |
That’s how you should train.” |
2. Lakkhaṇasutta |
2. Characteristics |
“Kammalakkhaṇo, bhikkhave, bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito, apadānasobhanī paññāti. |
“A fool is characterized by their deeds; an astute person is characterized by their deeds. And wisdom is evident in its outcome. |
Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
A fool is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. |
Bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which a fool is known. |
Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
An astute person is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. |
Good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which an astute person is known. |
Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ: |
So you should train like this: |
‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. |
‘We will reject the three things by which a fool is known, and we will undertake and follow the three things by which an astute person is known.’ |
Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti. |
That’s how you should train.” |
3. Cintīsutta |
3. Thinking |
“Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni. |
“There are these three characteristics, signs, and manifestations of a fool. |
Katamāni tīṇi? |
What three? |
Idha, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca. |
A fool thinks poorly, speaks poorly, and acts poorly. |
No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca abhavissa dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ: |
If a fool didn’t think poorly, speak poorly, and act poorly, then how would the astute know of them: |
‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti? |
‘This fellow is a fool, a bad person’? |
Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti: |
But since a fool does think poorly, speak poorly, and act poorly, then the astute do know of them: |
‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti. |
‘This fellow is a fool, a bad person’. |
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni. |
These are the three characteristics, signs, and manifestations of a fool. |
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. |
There are these three characteristics, signs, and manifestations of an astute person. |
Katamāni tīṇi? |
What three? |
Idha, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca. |
An astute person thinks well, speaks well, and acts well. |
No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca abhavissa subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ: |
If an astute person didn’t think well, speak well, and act well, then how would the astute know of them: |
‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti? |
‘This fellow is astute, a good person’? |
Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti: |
But since an astute person does think well, speak well, and act well, then the astute do know of them: |
‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti. |
‘This fellow is astute, a good person’. |
Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. |
These are the three characteristics, signs, and manifestations of an astute person. |
Tasmātiha … pe …. |
So you should train …” |
4. Accayasutta |
4. Transgression |
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
“A fool is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Accayaṃ accayato na passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ nappaṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhāti. |
They don’t recognize when they’ve made a mistake. When they do recognize it they don’t deal with it properly. And when someone else confesses a mistake to them, they don’t accept it properly. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which a fool is known. |
Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
An astute person is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Accayaṃ accayato passati, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti. |
They recognize when they’ve made a mistake. When they recognize it they deal with it properly. And when someone else confesses a mistake to them, they accept it properly. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which an astute person is known. |
Tasmātiha … pe …. |
So you should train …” |
5. Ayonisosutta |
5. Improper |
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
“A fool is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Ayoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, ayoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi nābbhanumoditā hoti. |
They ask a question improperly. They answer a question improperly. And when someone else answers a question properly—with well-rounded, coherent, and relevant words and phrases—they disagree with it. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which a fool is known. |
Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
An astute person is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Yoniso pañhaṃ kattā hoti, yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjetā hoti, parassa kho pana yoniso pañhaṃ vissajjitaṃ parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi siliṭṭhehi upagatehi abbhanumoditā hoti. |
They ask a question properly. They answer a question properly. And when someone else answers a question properly—with well-rounded, coherent, and relevant words and phrases—they agree with it. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which an astute person is known. |
Tasmātiha … pe …. |
So you should train …” |
6. Akusalasutta |
6. Unskillful |
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
“A fool is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Akusalena kāyakammena, akusalena vacīkammena, akusalena manokammena. |
Unskillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which a fool is known. |
Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
An astute person is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Kusalena kāyakammena, kusalena vacīkammena, kusalena manokammena. |
Skillful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which an astute person is known. |
Tasmātiha … pe …. |
So you should train …” |
7. Sāvajjasutta |
7. Blameworthy |
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
“A fool is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Sāvajjena kāyakammena, sāvajjena vacīkammena, sāvajjena manokammena … pe … anavajjena kāyakammena, anavajjena vacīkammena, anavajjena manokammena … pe …. |
Blameworthy deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. … An astute person is known by blameless deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. …” |
8. Sabyābajjhasutta |
8. Hurtful |
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. |
“A fool is known by three things. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Sabyābajjhena kāyakammena, sabyābajjhena vacīkammena, sabyābajjhena manokammena … pe … abyābajjhena kāyakammena, abyābajjhena vacīkammena, abyābajjhena manokammena. |
Hurtful deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. … An astute person is known by kind deeds by way of body, speech, and mind. |
Imehi, kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo. |
These are the three things by which an astute person is known.” |
Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ: |
So you should train like this: |
‘yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo te tayo dhamme abhinivajjetvā, yehi tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito veditabbo te tayo dhamme samādāya vattissāmā’ti. |
‘We will reject the three qualities by which a fool is known, and we will undertake and follow the three qualities by which an astute person is known.’ |
Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti. |
That’s how you should train.” |
9. Khatasutta |
9. Broken |
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. |
“When a foolish, incompetent, bad person has three qualities they keep themselves broken and damaged. They deserve to be blamed and criticized by sensible people, and they make much bad karma. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Kāyaduccaritena, vacīduccaritena, manoduccaritena. |
Bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. |
When a foolish, incompetent bad person has these three qualities they keep themselves broken and damaged. They deserve to be blamed and criticized by sensible people, and they make much bad karma. |
Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. |
When an astute, competent good person has three qualities they keep themselves healthy and whole. They don’t deserve to be blamed and criticized by sensible people, and they make much merit. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Kāyasucaritena, vacīsucaritena, manosucaritena. |
Good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavatī”ti. |
When an astute, competent good person has these three qualities they keep themselves healthy and whole. They don’t deserve to be blamed and criticized by sensible people, and they make much merit.” |
10. Malasutta |
10. Stains |
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. |
“Anyone who has three qualities, and has not given up three stains, is cast down to hell. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Dussīlo ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; |
They’re unethical, and haven’t given up the stain of immorality. |
issukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti; |
They’re envious, and haven’t given up the stain of envy. |
maccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti. |
They’re stingy, and haven’t given up the stain of stinginess. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. |
Anyone who has these three qualities, and has not given up these three stains, is cast down to hell. |
Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. |
Anyone who has three qualities, and has given up three stains, is raised up to heaven. |
Katamehi tīhi? |
What three? |
Sīlavā ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; |
They’re ethical, and have given up the stain of immorality. |
anissukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti; |
They’re not envious, and have given up the stain of envy. |
amaccharī ca hoti, maccheramalañcassa pahīnaṃ hoti. |
They’re not stingy, and have given up the stain of stinginess. |
Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ime tayo male pahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge”ti. |
Anyone who has these three qualities, and has given up these three stains, is raised up to heaven.” |